ABSTRACT
In this study, The usage of bee attracts like Bee-Q and Fruit Boost™ in the pollination of Cucumber was evaluated. The bee visitations on target crop ?owers were made for two weeks, followed by estimation of yield parameters. The different concentrations of Bee-Q and Fruit boost™ was evaluated to understand the honeybee visitation pattern of the target crop for improving pollination ef?cacy. The observations indicate that, Bee-Q at 12.5 g/l and Fruit boost at 0.5 ml/l of Cucumber plots meagerly attracted a number of bee foragers than the control plots. In addition, the plots sprayed with bee attractants marginally enhanced the fruits/plant, length and diameter fruits. The present investigation suggests that the bee attractants increases certain amount of bee visitation, in turn, leads to increase in fruits/plant, length and diameter of fruits on Cucumber
ABSTRACT
The use of bee attractants, Bee-Q and Fruit BoostTM in the pollination of niger was evaluated. Bee visitations to niger flowers were observed for two weeks and an estimation of seed yield was determined. Different concentrations of Bee-Q and Fruit boostTM were evaluated to understand honeybee visitation patterns on the target crop and pollination efficiency. Results indicate that applications of Bee-Q at 12.5 g/l and Fruit boost at 0.75 ml/l on niger plots significantly increased the number of bee foragers over control plots. In addition, plots sprayed with these bee attractants significantly enhanced the seed set, seed weight, and germination of niger. This study suggests that pheromone-based bee attractants applied to niger can increase the marginal percentage of bee visitation, seed yield, and percent germination.
ABSTRACT
Studies have shown that both carbon dioxide (CO2) and octenol (1-octen-3-ol) are effective attractants for mosquitoes. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the attractiveness of 1-octen-3-ol and CO2 for diurnal mosquitoes in the southeastern Atlantic forest. A Latin square experimental design was employed with four treatments: CDC-light trap (CDC-LT), CDC-LT and 1-octen-3-ol, CDC-LT and CO2 and CDC-LT with 1-octen-3-ol and CO2. Results demonstrated that both CDC-CO2 and CDC-CO2-1-octen-3-ol captured a greater number of mosquito species and specimens compared to CDC-1-octen-3-ol; CDC-LT was used as the control. Interestingly, Anopheles (Kerteszia) sp. was generally attracted to 1-octen-3-ol, whereas Aedes serratus was the most abundant species in all Latin square collections. This species was recently shown to be competent to transmit the yellow fever virus and may therefore play a role as a disease vector in rural areas of Brazil.
Subject(s)
Animals , Carbon Dioxide , Culicidae , Insect Vectors , Octanols , Pheromones , Brazil , Population Density , TreesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto de los compuestos volátiles en las casas sobre la respuesta conductual del vector del paludismo Anopheles albimanus. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: El estudio se realizó en enero de 2006 en el ejido Nueva Independencia, municipio de Suchiate, Chiapas. Se colectaron compuestos volátiles dentro de casas y los extractos se probaron sobre hembras sin alimentar en un olfatómetro en "Y". Los extractos se analizaron mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (CG-EM). RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 28 extractos, 12 presentaron respuesta de atracción y dos de repelencia. Los análisis por CG-EM indicaron variación en la presencia de compuestos volátiles y no se vincularon con compuestos específicos indicativos de algún efecto. CONCLUSIONES: Los volátiles en casas presentaron efecto de atracción y repelencia para An. albimanus. No se reconoció un patrón definido en cuanto a la presencia de compuestos químicos característicos y la respuesta obtenida.
OBJECTIVE: To determine effects of volatile compounds in homes on the behavioral response of Anopheles albimanus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in January 2006, in the village of Nueva Independencia village, Suchiate, Chiapas. Volatile compounds were collected inside homes and the extracts were tested on unfed females in a Y-olfactometer. Extracts were analyzed in a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system (GC-MS). RESULTS: Twenty eight extracts were obtained, twelve presented attraction and two repellency responses. GC-MS analyses of the extracts indicated variation in the volatile compound present in the extracts, but could not associated specific compounds with any particular effect. CONCLUSIONS: Within homes, volatiles presented attraction and repellency responses to An. albimanus. A definate pattern concerning the presence of a characteristic chemical compound and the observed response was not found.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Air/analysis , Anopheles/drug effects , Appetitive Behavior/drug effects , Housing , Insect Vectors/drug effects , Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology , Anopheles/physiology , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Hydrocarbons/isolation & purification , Hydrocarbons/pharmacology , Insect Repellents/pharmacology , Insect Vectors/physiology , Mexico , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Volatile Organic Compounds/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A broca-do-café é a praga mais importante do cafeeiro. Provoca prejuízos em quantidade e qualidade da produção. Normalmente, é controlada por aplicações de inseticidas. Estratégias alternativas de manejo são necessárias principalmente pelo aumento da produção e demanda por produtos orgânicos. O uso de armadilhas para manejo da broca é revisado. A cor, o modelo da armadilha, os atraentes e as taxas de liberação são fatores diretamente relacionados com a eficiência das armadilhas. Metanol e etanol são os compostos utilizados como atraentes. Ocorrem interações entre fatores na atração da broca. As condições ambientais nas quais o cafeeiro é cultivado também devem influenciar as capturas. Estes aspectos podem explicar algumas diferenças em resultados de alguns estudos. Resultados conflitantes também são verificados no que se refere à eficiência das armadilhas quando utilizadas como estratégia única de controle no campo. Pesquisas adicionais devem ser incentivadas para entender com mais profundidade as interações entre a broca e a planta de café. Da mesma forma, deve-se estudar as interações dos vários fatores intrínsecos das armadilhas e destes fatores com o ambiente no qual a armadilha será instalada. O uso das armadilhas, associadas a outras estratégias de redução populacional da praga, é prática recomendável para manejo da broca
The Coffee berry borer (CBB) is the most important pest in the coffee plantings. Losses are due to quality andquantity reductions. In most plantings, CBB is controlled using insecticides. Alternative management strategiesare strongly demanded due to increasing production and demand for organic products. This paper revises theuse of traps for CBB management. Color and trap designs, attractants and release rates are the factors directlyrelated to trap efficiency. Methanol and ethanol mixture is used as attractant. Interactions among these factorsin the CBB attraction are reported. Environment conditions under which the coffee plantings are conductedinfluence trap captures. These aspects may explain some differences in results for different studies. Conflictingresults are also found in relation to traps efficiency when they are used as a unique control strategy in thefield. Additional research may be encouraged to understand more deeply the interactions between the CBBand coffee plant. In the same way, we must study the interactions of the several intrinsic factors of the trapsand the environment. The use of the trap, associated with other strategies to reduce pest population, is arecommended strategy for CBB management
Subject(s)
Coffee/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Las hembras de los mosquitos vectores de enfermedades utilizan señales físicas y químicas para localizar su fuente de alimentación sanguínea en hospederos vertebrados. Los mosquitos zoofílicos responden preferentemente al CO2 y al octenol liberados en la respiración y excreciones, mientras que los mosquitos antropofílicos responden al ácido láctico y a una variedad de compuestos del sudor. Estos compuestos son modificados por microrganismos saprófitos de las glándulas sebáceas de la piel. Otros factores presentes en las viviendas contribuyen a la integración de microsistemas constituidos por olores característicos, que explican los diferentes niveles de atracción de mosquitos y la focalización de la transmisión del paludismo a una porción de casas en localidades de áreas endémicas. La identificación de estos atrayentes químicos y sus moléculas receptoras en mosquitos puede ser utilizada como complemento de nuevos métodos para la vigilancia epidemiológica, para atraer a los mosquitos a trampas de colecta o para incrementar su contacto con insecticidas usados en su control, así como en la manipulación genética para desviar las picaduras de los mosquitos hacia otros hospederos vertebrados.
Disease vector female mosquitoes respond to physic-chemical signals to localize vertebrate hosts for blood meals. Zoophylic mosquitoes preferentially respond to CO2 and octenol released in the breath and bodily fluids, while anthropophylic mosquitoes respond to lactic acid and a variety of sweat compounds. These compounds are modified by saprophytic microorganisms in the skin sebaceous glands. Other factors present in human dwellings contribute to the integration of microsystems with characteristic odors that have different attraction for mosquitoes, explaining the focalization of malaria transmission in few households in endemic areas. The identification of the chemical attractants and their molecular receptors could be used to complement new methods to attract mosquitoes to traps during epidemiological surveys, to increase their contact with insecticides in control interventions, and for genetic manipulation to divert mosquito bites towards other animal populations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Behavior, Animal/physiology , Culicidae/physiology , Insect Bites and Stings , Carbon Dioxide , Chemistry, Physical , Fatty Acids , Lactic Acid , Octanols , Odorants , Chemical Phenomena , Skin Physiological Phenomena , Skin/microbiologyABSTRACT
Field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18 - 27 September 2000 in a malarious area near Paekyeon-ri (Tongil-Chon) and Camp Greaves in Paju County, Kyonggi Province, Republic of Korea. The host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis, Culex tritaeniorhynchus Giles, was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and propane lantern-baited Shannon trap during hours when temperatures exceeded 15oC. The total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the test was compared using a block design. Significant differences were observed for the total number of mosquitoes collected, such that, the Mosquito MagnetTM with octenol > Shannon trap > ABC light trap with light and dry ice > Miniature Black Light trap (manufactured by John W. Hock) >; or = New Jersey Trap > ABC light trap with light only. Significant differences in numbers collected among traps were noted for several species including: Aedes vexans (Meigen), Anopheles lesteri Baisas and Hu, An. sinensis Weidemann, An. sineroides Yamada, An. yatsushiroensis Miyazaki, Culex pipiens L., Cx. orientalis Edwards and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. Host-seeking activity for most common species showed a similar bimodal pattern. Results from these field trap evaluations can significantly enhance current vector and disease surveillance efforts especially for the primary vector of Japanese encephalitis, Cx.tritaeniorhynchus.